What is USB?

The Universal Serial Bus standard has been extremely successful. USB ports and cables are used to connect hardware such as printers, scanners, keyboards, mice, flash drives, external hard drives, joysticks, cameras, monitors, and more to computers of all kinds, including desktops, tablets, laptops, netbooks, etc. In fact, USB has become so common that you'll find the connection available on nearly any computer-like device such as video game consoles, home audio/visual equipment, and even in many automobiles.

Before USB, many of those devices would attach to a computer over serial and parallel ports, and others like PS/2.

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Many portable devices, like smartphones, eBook readers, and small tablets, use USB primarily for charging. USB charging has become so common that it's now easy to find replacement electrical outlets at home improvement stores with USB ports built in, negating the need for a USB power adapter.

The USB Standards List

There have been several major USB standards, with USB4 2.0 the newest version available:

USB4 2.0: This version of USB4, which supports 80 Gbps (81,920 Mbps), was released in October 2022.

USB4: Based on the Thunderbolt 3 specification, USB4 supports 40 Gbps (40,960 Mbps).

USB 3.2 Gen 2x2: Also known as USB 3.2, compliant devices are able to transfer data at 20 Gbps (20,480 Mbps), called Superspeed+ USB dual-lane.

USB 3.2 Gen 2: Previously called USB 3.1, compliant devices are able to transfer data at 10 Gbps (10,240 Mbps), called Superspeed+.

USB 3.2 Gen 1: Previously called USB 3.0, compliant hardware can reach a maximum transmission rate of 5 Gbps (5,120 Mbps), called SuperSpeed USB.

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USB 2.0: USB 2.0 compliant devices can reach a maximum transmission rate of 480 Mbps, called High-Speed USB.

USB 1.1: USB 1.1 devices can reach a maximum transmission rate of 12 Mbps, called Full Speed USB.

Most USB devices and cables today work with USB 2.0, and a growing number are updating to USB 3.0.

What Is a USB Type-B Connector?

USB Type-B connectors, officially called Standard-B connectors, are square with slight rounding or large square protrusion on the top, depending on the version. Apart from USB4, every USB version supports Type-B connectors, including USB 3.0, USB 2.0, and USB 1.1. The second type of "B" connector, called Powered-B, also exists, but only in USB 3.0. USB 3.0 Type-B connectors are often blue, while USB 2.0 Type-B and USB 1.1 Type-B connectors are often black. That's not always the case because the manufacturer can choose any color for USB Type-B connectors and cables. A male USB Type-B connector is called a plug, while a female connector is called a receptacle or port.

USB Type-B Uses

USB Type-B receptacles are often on larger computer devices like printers and scanners. Sometimes, you'll find Type-B ports on external storage devices like optical drives, floppy drives, and hard drive enclosures.

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Type-B plugs are typically at one end of a USB A/B cable. The USB Type-B plug fits into the Type-B receptacle on the printer or another device, while the USB Type-A plug fits into the type A receptacle located on the host device, like a computer.

What is USB 3.0?

The Type-B connectors in USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 are identical, meaning that the USB Type-B plug from one USB version will fit into the Type-B receptacle from both its own and the other USB version.

USB 3.0 Type-B connectors are a different shape from previous ones, so the plugs don't fit in those receptacles. However, the USB 3.0 Type-B form factor was designed to allow previous USB Type-B plugs from USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 to fit with USB 3.0 Type-B receptacles.

In other words, USB 1.1 and 2.0 Type-B plugs are physically compatible with USB 3.0 Type-B receptacles, but USB 3.0 Type-B plugs aren't compatible with USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 Type-B receptacles.

USB 3.0 Type-B connectors have nine pins, several more than the four pins found in previous USB Type-B connectors, to allow for a faster USB 3.0 data transfer rate. Those pins had to go somewhere, so the Type-B shape had to be altered somewhat.

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There are two USB 3.0 Type-B connectors, USB 3.0 Standard-B and USB 3.0 Powered-B. The plugs and receptacles are identical in shape and follow the outlined physical compatibility rules. However, USB 3.0 Powered-B connectors have two additional pins to provide power, for a total of eleven.

See our USB Physical Compatibility Chart for a graphical representation of physical compatibility, which should help.

The fact that a Type-B connector from one USB version fits in the Type-B connector from another USB version doesn't imply anything about speed or functionality.